NHI.no
Annonse
Informasjon

Clostridioides difficile tarminfeksjon

Tarminfeksjon forårsaket av bakterietypen Clostridioides difficile er en diarésykdom som kan oppstå etter bruk av antibiotika. Infeksjonen rammer hyppigst eldre, syke og svake. Den mest alvorlige varianten av sykdommen kalles pseudomembranøs kolitt.

Antibiotikabehandlingen fører til endringer i den normale bakteriefloraen i tarmen, og disponerer for oppvekst av clostridier.

Sist oppdatert:

20. des. 2021

Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Clostridioides difficile tarminfeksjon . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

  1. Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S. Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(3):168-175. PubMed
  2. Johnson S, Lavergne V, Skinner AM et al. Clinical Practice Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA): 2021 Focused Update Guidelines on Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 7;73(5):755-757. PMID: 34492699 PubMed
  3. Nasjonale retningslinjer ved antibiotikaassosiert diaré. Helsedirektoratet, sist oppdatert 16. november 2021.
  4. Khanna S, Pardi DS, Aronson SL, et al. The epidemiology of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107: 89-95. PubMed
  5. Winslow BT, Onysko M, Thaompson KA, et al. Common questions about Clostridium difficile infection. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Mar 15;89(6):437-442. PubMed
  6. Smittevernveilederen. Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)-infeksjon - veileder for helsepersonell. Folkehelseinstituttet, sist oppdatert 14.04.2021.
  7. Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:478-498. PubMed
  8. Best EL, Fawley WN, Parnell P, Wilcox MH. The potential for airborne dispersal of Clostridium difficile from symptomatic patients. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 1450-7. PubMed
  9. Shaughnessy MK, et al. Evaluation of hospital room assignment and acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011; 201: e-pub.
  10. Loo VG, Brassard P, Miller MA. Household transmission of Clostridium difficile to family members and domestic pets. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Nov; 37:1342. PMID: 27767004 PubMed
  11. Miller AC, Segre AM, Pemmeraju SV, et al. Association of Household Exposure to Primary Clostridioides difficile Infection With Secondary Infection in Family Members. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3: e208925. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8925 DOI
  12. Petrella LA, Sambol SP, Cheknis A, et al. Decreased cure and increased recurrence rates for Clostridium difficile infection caused by the epidemic c. difficile BI strain. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55: 351-7. PubMed
  13. Brown KA, Khanafer N, Daneman N, Fisman DN. Antibiotics and the risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI): a meta-analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013. doi:10.1128/AAC.02176-12 DOI
  14. Deshpande A, Pasupuleti V, Thota P, et al. Community-associated Clostridium difficile infection and antibiotics: a meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013. pmid: 23620467 PubMed
  15. Stevens V, Dumyati G, Fine LS, et al. Cumulative antibiotic exposures over time and the risk of clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53: 42-8. PubMed
  16. Hensgens MP, Goorhuis A, Dekkers OM, Kuijper EJ. Time interval of increased risk for Clostridium difficile infection after exposure to antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67: 742-8. PubMed
  17. Kwok CS, Arthur AK, Anibueze CI, et al. Risk of Clostridium difficile infection with acid suppressing drugs and antibiotics: Meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; doi: 10.1038/ajg.2012.108. DOI
  18. Howell MD, Novack V, Grgurich P. Iatrogenic gastric acid suppression and the risk of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 784-90. PubMed
  19. Miller M, Gravel D, Mulvey M, et al. Health care-associated Clostridium difficile infection in Canada: patient age and infecting strain type are highly predictive of severe outcome and mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(2):194–201.
  20. Zacharioudakis IM, Zervou FN, Pliakos EE, et al. Colonization with toxinogenic C. difficile upon hospital admission, and risk of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2015 Mar; 110:381. PMID: 25732416 PubMed
  21. Im GY, Modayil RJ, Lin CT, et al. The appendix may protect against Clostridium difficile recurrence. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 1072-7. PubMed
  22. Chia J-H, Wu T-S, Wu T-S, et al. Clostridium innocuum is a vancomycin-resistant pathogen that may cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018. pmid:29458157 PubMed
  23. Gould VG, Edwards JR, Cohen J, et al. Effective nucleic acid amplification testing on population-based incidence rates of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(9):1304–1307.
  24. Nelson RL, Suda KJ, Evans CT. Antibiotic treatment for Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhoea in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004610. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004610.pub5. Accessed 23 June 2022. The Cochrane Library
  25. Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014 ;48:693-702. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000046 DOI
  26. Pillai A, Nelson RL. Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004611. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004611.pub2 DOI
  27. Hogan CA, Hotchcock MM, Frost S, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Treated and Untreated C. difficile PCR-Positive/Toxin-Negative Adult Hospitalized Patients: a Quasi-Experimental Noninferiority Study. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60: e0218721. pmid:35611653 PubMed
  28. Helsedirektoratet. Antibiotika i sykehus. Nasjonal faglig retningslinje for bruk av antibiotika i sykehus. Sist oppdatert 01.03.2022. Siden besøkt 01.03.2023
  29. Hot SS, Sales V, Tomlinson G, et al. Oral vancomycin followed by fecal transplantation versus tapering oral vancomycin treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: An open-label, randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64: 265-71. pmid:28011612 PubMed
  30. Kelly CR, Yen EF, Grinspan AM, et al. Fecal Microbiota Transplant is Highly Effective in Real-World Practice: Initial Results from the FMT National Registry. Gastroenerology 2020. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.038 DOI
  31. Lee CH, Steiner T, Petrof EO, et al. Frozen vs Fresh Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and clinical resolution of diarrhea in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 315: 142-9. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18098 DOI
  32. Kao D, Roach B, Solva M, et al. Effect of Oral Capsule– vs Colonoscopy-Delivered Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2017; 318: 1985-93. pmid:29183074 PubMed
  33. Baunwall SMD, Andreasen SE, Hansen MM, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation for first or second Clostridioides difficile infection (EarlyFMT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022. pmid:36152636 PubMed
  34. Linsky A, Gupta K, Lawler EV, Fonda JR, Hermos JA. Proton pump inhibitors and risk for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 772-8. PubMed
  35. Goldenberg JZ, Mertz D, Johnston BC, et al. Probiotics to Prevent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients Receiving Antibiotics. JAMA 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9064 DOI
  36. Goldenberg JZ, Yap C, Lytvyn L, et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 12: CD006095. PMID: 29257353 PubMed
  37. Allen SJ, Wareham K, Wang D, et al. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in older inpatients (PLACIDE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet 2013. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61218-0 DOI
  38. Guo Q, Goldenberg JZ, Humphrey C, El Dib R, Johnston BC. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004827. Cochrane (DOI)
  39. Shen NT, Maw A, Tmanova LL, et al.. Timely use of probiotics in hospitalized adults prevents clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review with meta-regression analysis. Gastroenterology 2017. pmid:28192108 PubMed
  40. Oughton MT, Loo VG, Dendukuri N, et al. Hand hygiene with soap and water is superior to alcohol rub and antiseptic wipes for removal of Clostridium difficile. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30: 939-44. PubMed
  41. Stone SP, Fuller C, Savage J, et al. Evaluation of the national Cleanyourhands campaign to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitals in England and Wales by improved hand hygiene: four year, prospective, ecological, interrupted time series study. BMJ 2012; 344: e3005. BMJ (DOI)
  42. Butler M, Olson A, Drekonja D, et al. Early Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Clostridium difficile: Update Internet. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2016 Mar. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 172.) Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361173/
  43. Tariq R, Syed T, Yadav D, et al. Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for C. difficile Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021. PMID: 34864789 PubMed
  44. Feuerstadt P, Louie TJ, Lashner B, et al. SER-109, an Oral Microbiome Therapy for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection. N Engl J Med 2022; 386: 220-229. pmid:35045228 PubMed
  45. Cohen SH, Louie TJ, Sims M, et al. Extended Follow-up of Microbiome Therapeutic SER-109 Through 24 Weeks for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022. pmid:36260754 PubMed
  46. Lowy I, Molrine DC, Leav BA, et al. Treatment with monclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 197-205. New England Journal of Medicine
  47. Wilcox MH, Gerding DN, Poxton IR, et al. Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 305-17. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1602615 DOI
Annonse
Annonse