NHI.no
Annonse
Informasjon

Høyt kolesterol, hyperlipidemi

Høyt kolesterol, hyperlipidemi, er en av flere risikofaktorer for hjertekarsykdom. Behandling består av kostomlegging, regelmessig mosjon og eventuelt bruk av kolesterolsenkende medisiner.

Høyt kolesterol innebærer at man bør redusere inntaket av en del typer mat, som smør, fete meieriprodukter og fete kjøttprodukter.

Sist oppdatert:

25. nov. 2022

Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Hyperlipidemi . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

  1. Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano A, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). European Heart Journal 2020; 41: 111-88. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455 DOI
  2. Schmidt EB, Hedegaard BS, Retterstøl K. Familial hypercholesterolaemia: history, diagnosis, screening, management and challenges. Heart 2020. pmid:32933999 PubMed
  3. Liu C, Dhindsa D, Almuwaqqat Z, et al. Association Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-risk Populations. JAMA Cardiol 2022. pmid:35583863 PubMed
  4. Kronenberg F, Mora S, Stroes ESG, et al. Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement. Eur Heart J 2022. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361 DOI
  5. Marston NA, Giugliano RP, Melloni GE, et al. Association of Apolipoprotein B–Containing Lipoproteins and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Individuals With and Without Atherosclerosis Distinguishing Between Particle Concentration, Type, and Content. JAMA Cardiol 2022; 7: 250-256. pmid:34773460 PubMed
  6. Bhatnagar D, Morgan J, Siddiq S, Mackness MI, Miller JP, Durrington PN. Outcome of case finding among relatives of patients with known heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. BMJ 2000; 321: 1497-500. British Medical Journal
  7. Veileder for utredning og behandling av familiær hyperkolesterolemi (FH) i primærhelsetjenesten. UiO 2017. www.nktforfh.no
  8. Boot CS, Middling E, Allen J, Neely RDG. Evaluation of the Non-HDL Cholesterol to Apolipoprotein B Ratio as a Screening Test for Dysbetalipoproteinemia. Clin Chem 2019; 65: 313-320. pmid:30538126 PubMed
  9. Christoffersen M, Frikke-Schmidt R, Schnohr P, et al. Xanthelasmata, arcus corneae, and ischaemic vascular disease and death in generel population. BMJ 2011; 343: d5497. BMJ (DOI)
  10. Durrington P. Dysplipidaemia. Lancet 2003; 362: 717-31. PubMed
  11. Nordestgaard BG, Langsted A, Mora S, et al. Fasting is not routinely required for determination of a lipid profile: clinical and laboratory implications including flagging at desirable concentration cut-points—a joint consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society and European . Europena Heart Journal 2016. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw152 DOI
  12. Ingelsson E, Schaefer EJ, Contois JH, et al. Clinical utility of different lipid measures for prediction of coronary heart disease in men and women. JAMA 2007; 298: 776-85. Journal of the American Medical Association
  13. Norsk kvalitetsforbedring av laboratorieundersøkelser (Noklus). Anbefalte analyser ved ulike kliniske problemstillinger. Lipoproteinforstyrrelser. Siden besøkt 21.09.2020 www.noklus.no
  14. Leren TP, Manshaus TE, Ose L, Berge KE. Lipidprofil hos barn og ungdom med familiær hyperkolesterolemi. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2007; 127: 2363-6. PubMed
  15. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. PMID: 30423393 PubMed
  16. Cooper A, O'Flynn N. Risk assessment and lipid modification for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2008; 336: 1246-8. British Medical Journal
  17. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, et al. Efficacy and safety of more intesnive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of datat from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670-81. PubMed
  18. Wang N, Fulcher J, Abeysuriya N, et al. Intensive LDL cholesterol-lowering treatment beyond current recommendations for the prevention of major vascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials including 327 037 participants. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Jan;8(1):36-49. PMID: 31862150 PubMed
  19. Gencer B, Marston NA, Im K, et al. Efficacy and safety of lowering LDL cholesterol in older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32332-1 DOI
  20. Byrne P, Demasi M, Jones M, et al. Evaluating the Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction and Relative and Absolute Effects of Statin Treatment A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2022. pmid:35285850 PubMed
  21. Mortensen MB, Nordestgaard BG. Elevated LDL cholesterol and increased risk of myocardial infarction and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in individuals aged 70–100 years: a contemporary primary prevention cohort. Lancet 2020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32233-9 DOI
  22. Versmissen J, Oosterveer DM, Yazdanpanah M, et al. Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study. BMJ 2008; 337: a2423. BMJ (DOI)
  23. Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 1146-55. PubMed
  24. Sabaté J, Oda K, Ros E. Nut consumption and blood lipid levels. A pooled analysis of 25 intervention trials. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 821-7. PubMed
  25. Sabatine MC, Giugliano RP, Wiviott SD, et al. Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular effects. N Engl J Med 2015. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1500858 DOI
  26. Hooper L, Summerbell CD, Thompson R, Sills D, Roberts FG, Moore HJ, Davey Smith G. Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD002137. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002137.pub3. Accessed 12 December 2023 The Cochrane Library
  27. Rees K, Dyakova M, Wilson N, Ward K, Thorogood M, Brunner E. Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD002128. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002128.pub5. Accessed 12 December 2023. The Cochrane Library
  28. Nordmann AJ, Nordmann A, Briel M, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 285-93. PubMed
  29. Kodama S, Tanaka S, Saito K, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise training on serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 999-1008. PubMed
  30. Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Franklin B. Aerobic exercise and lipids and lipoproteins in patients with cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2006; 26: 131-9. PubMed
  31. Helsedirektoratet. Nasjonal faglig retningslinje for behandling og rehabilitering ved hjerneslag. Oslo, Helsedirektoratet. Sist oppdatert 21.12.2017 helsedirektoratet.no
  32. Howard JP, Wood FA, Finegold JA, et al. Side Effect Patterns in a Crossover Trial of Statin, Placebo, and No Treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78: 1210-22. pmid:34531021 PubMed
  33. Vuorio A, Kuoppala J, Kovanen PT, et al. Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD006401. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006401.pub5. DOI
  34. Luirink IK, Wiegman A, Kusters M, et al. 20-Year Follow-up of Statins in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 2019; 381: 1547-56. pmid:31618540 PubMed
  35. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2017. pmid:28304224 PubMed
  36. Raal FJ, Hovingh GK, Catapano AL. Familial hypercholesterolemia treatments: Guidelines and new therapies. Atherosclerosis 2018; 277: 483-92. pmid:30270089 PubMed
  37. Raal FJ, Rosenson RS, Reeskamp LF, et al. Evinacumab for Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 20;383(8):711-720. PMID: 32813947 PubMed
  38. Græsdal A, Hovland A, Bjørbæk E. Aferesebehandling ved alvorlig hyperkolesterolemi. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2004; 124: 1085-7. PubMed
  39. Tsujita K, Sugiyama S, Sumida H, et al. Impact of Dual Lipid-Lowering Strategy With Ezetimibe and Atorvastatin on Coronary Plaque Regression in Patients With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The Multicenter Randomized Controlled PRECISE-IVUS Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015; 66: 495-507. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.065 DOI
  40. Cannon CP, Cariou B, Blom D, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in high cardiovascular risk patients with inadequately controlled hypercholesterolaemia on maximally tolerated doses of statins: the ODYSSEY COMBO II randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J 2015. PMID: 25687353 PubMed
  41. Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2015. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1501031 DOI
  42. Jones PH, Bays HE, Chaudhari U, et al. Safety of alirocumab (A PCSK9 monoclonal antibody) from 14 randomized trials. Am J Cardiol 2016. pmid:27729106 PubMed
  43. Schmidt AF, Carter J-PL, Pearce LS, Wilkins JT, Overington JP, Hingorani AD, Casas J. PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD011748. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011748.pub3. Accessed 02 February 2022. The Cochrane Library
  44. BMJ News. NICE approves new cholesterol lowering drug after NHS strikes deal with manufacturer. BMJ 2021; 374: n2143. www.bmj.com
  45. Hourcade-Potelleret F, Laporte S, Lehnert V, et al. Clinical benefit from pharmacological elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: meta-regression analysis. Heart 2015. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306691 DOI
  46. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Unintended effects of statins in men and women in England and Wales: population based cohort study using the QResearch database. BMJ 2010; 340: c2197. BMJ (DOI)
  47. Sattar NA, Ginsberg H, Ray K, et al. The use of statins in people at risk of developing diabetes mellitus: evidence and guidance for clinical practice. Atheroscler Suppl. 2014;15:1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2014.04.001.
  48. Ribe AR, Vestergaard CH, Vestergaard M, et al. Statins and risk of intracerebral haemorrhage in a stroke-free population: A Nationwide danish propensity score matched cohort sstudy. EClinicalMedicine 2019; 8: 78-84. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.02.007 DOI
  49. Mundal LJ, Igland J, Veierød MB, et al. Impact of age on excess risk of coronary heart disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Heart 2018. pmid:29622598 PubMed
  50. Tromp TR, Hartgers ML, Hovingh GK, et al. Worldwide experience of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2022. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02001-8 DOI
  51. Bakkebø T. Lipidsenkende midler ved graviditet og amming. Utposten 2014; 3: 46-7 PubMed
  52. Lloyd-Jones DM, Morris PB, Ballantyne CM, et al. 2016 ACC exprt consensus decision pathway on the role of non-statin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67: 558-87. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.02.003 DOI
  53. Raal FJ, Stein EA, Dufour R, et al. PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2014. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61399-4 DOI
Annonse
Annonse