NHI.no
Annonse
Informasjon

Beinskjørhet, hva kan du gjøre selv?

Beinskjørhet og beinbrudd kan forebygges ved å være i fysisk aktivitet, ikke røyke og ha et sunt kosthold. De samme rådene hjelper for dem som allerede har utviklet beinskjørhet.

Beinskjørhet kan forebygges eller bedres ved regelmessig mosjon. Det reduserer beintap og styrker muskulatur og balanse.

Sist oppdatert:

11. okt. 2022

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Osteoporose . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

  1. Qaseem A, Hicks LA, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, et al. Pharmacologic Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis or Low Bone Mass to Prevent Fractures in Adults: A Living Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2023. PMID: 36592456 PubMed
  2. Black DM, Rosen CJ. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:254-262. www.nejm.org
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO scientific group on the assessment of osteoporosis at primary health care level: summary meeting report. Siden besøkt 30.09.2019. www.who.int
  4. Berntsen GKR. Interpretation of forearm bone mineral density: the Tromsø study. Dr.gradsavhandling, Univ. i Tromsø. ISM skriftserie, nr 56, 2000.
  5. Bruhn R, Pedersen AB, Heide-Jørgensen U, Ehrenstein V. Epidemiology of male osteoporosis in Denmark (1996-2018). Osteoporos Int 2023. pmid:36912928 PubMed
  6. Norsk Endokrinologisk Forening. Osteoporose. I Nasjonal veileder i endokrinologi. Sist oppdatert 30.09.2021. Siden lest 21.07.2022. metodebok.no
  7. Syversen U, Halse JI. Medikamentell behandling av osteoporose. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2003; 123: 2263-4. PubMed
  8. Lowe KE, Mansfield KE, Delmestri A, et al. Atopic eczema and fracture risk in adults: A population-based cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.015 DOI
  9. Starup-Linde J, Rosendahl SB, Storgaard M, Langdahl B. Management of osteoporosis in patients living with HIV - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acquir. Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 83: 1-8. pmid:31809356 PubMed
  10. Vestergaard P, Laursen LC, Schwarz P, Brixen K. Glukokortikoidinduceret osteoporose. Ugeskr Læger 2005; 167: 898-900. PubMed
  11. Crndall CJ, Larson JCLaCroix AZ, et al. Risk of Subsequent Fractures in Postmenopausal Women After Nontraumatic vs Traumatic Fractures. JAMA Intern Med 2021. pmid:34096979 PubMed
  12. Joakimsen RM, Fønnebø V. Bør det innføres screening for osteoporose i Norge? Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2001; 121: 615-8. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
  13. Borgen TT, Eriksen EF. Benmarkører ved behandling av osteoporose. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2021; 141: 1600-2. doi:10.4045/tidsskr.21.0119 DOI
  14. Norsk kvalitetsforbedring av laboratorieundersøkelser (Noklus). Anbefalte analyser ved ulike kliniske problemstillinger. Lipoproteinforstyrrelser. Siden besøkt 28.09.2020 www.noklus.no
  15. Nasjonal faglig retningslinje for bildediagnostikk ved ikke-traumatiske muskel- og skjelettlidelser. Anbefalinger for primærhelsetjenesten. Oslo, Helsedirektoratet 2014 www.helsebiblioteket.no
  16. Cummings SR, Lui L-Y, Eastell R, Allen IE. Association Between Drug Treatments for Patients With Osteoporosis and Overall Mortality Rates A Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2019. pmid:31424486 PubMed
  17. Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ, Downie F, Murray A, Ross C, Harbour RT, Caldwell LM, Creed G. Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD000333. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000333.pub2. Accessed 11 October 2022 The Cochrane Library
  18. Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, et al. Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Dec;56(12):2234-43. PMID: 19093923. PubMed
  19. Santesso N, Carrasco-Labra A, Brignardello-Petersen R. Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 3: CD001255. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001255.pub5 DOI
  20. Koike T, Orito Y, Toyoda H, et al. External hip protectors are effective for the elderly with higher-than-average risk factors for hip fractures. Osteoporosis Int 2009; 20: 1613.20. pmid:19137351 PubMed
  21. Yao P, Bennett D, Mafham M, et al. Vitamin D and Calcium for the Prevention of Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2: e1917789. pmid:31860103 PubMed
  22. Avenell A, Mak JC, O'Connell D. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Apr 14;4:CD000227. Cochrane (DOI)
  23. Reid I, Bolland M, et.al. Effects of vitamin D supplements on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2013. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61647-5. DOI
  24. Mendez-Sanchez L, Clark P, Winzenberg TM, et al. Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 27;1(1):CD012664. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012664.pub2 DOI
  25. Bolland MJ, Leung W, Tai V, et al. Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review. BMJ. 2015 Sep 29;351:h4580. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h4580 DOI
  26. Warensjö E, Byberg L, Melhus H, et al. Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2011; 342: d1473. BMJ (DOI)
  27. Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rossouw JE, et al. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trials. JAMA 2017; 318: 927-938. pmid:28898378 PubMed
  28. Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial. BMJ 2012; 345: e6409. pmid:2304801 PubMed
  29. Rosen HN, Rosen CJ, Schmader KE. Overview of the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. UpToDate 2022. Sist oppdatert juni 2022. Siden lest 21.07.2022 www.uptodate.com
  30. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence. Lancet 2019; 394: 1159-68. pmid:31474332 PubMed
  31. RELIS Vest. Østrogen i behandling av osteoporose hos postmenopausale kvinner. RELIS database 2021. relis.no
  32. Saag KG, Petersen J, Brandi ML, et al. Romosozumab or Alendronate for Fracture Prevention in Women with Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 1417-27. pmid:28892457 PubMed
  33. Legeforeningen. Gjør kloke valg. Anbefalinger. Siden besøkt 11.02.2021 www.legeforeningen.no
  34. Wells GA, Cranney A, Peterson J, Boucher M, Shea B, Welch V, Coyle D, Tugwell P. Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001155. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001155.pub2. DOI
  35. Deardorf WJ, Cenzer I, Nguyen B, et al. Time to Benefit of Bisphosphonate Therapy for the Prevention of Fractures Among Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Intern Med 2021. pmid:34807231 PubMed
  36. Eriksen EF, Halse J. Når seponere bisfosfonater?. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2012; 132: 1630-2. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
  37. Park-Wyllie LY, Mamdani MM, Juurlink DN, et al. Bisphosphonate use and the risk of subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fractures in older women. JAMA 2011; 305: 783-9. Journal of the American Medical Association
  38. Sawatari Y, Marx RE. Bisphosphonates and bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis. Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 2007; 19: 487-98. PubMed
  39. Schilcher J, Michaëlsson K, Aspenberg P. Bisphosphonate use and atypical fractures of the femoral shaft . N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1728-37. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010650 DOI
  40. Serrano AJ, Begona L, Anitua E, Cobos R, Orive G. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of alendronate and zoledronate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013 Dec;29(12):1005-14. PMID: 24063695 PubMed
  41. Reid DM, Devogelaer J-P, Saag K, et al. Zoledronic acid and risedronate in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (HORIZON): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 1253-63. PMID: 19362675 PubMed
  42. Faggruppe for osteoporose og benhelse, Norsk ortopedisk forening. Behandlingsveileder for menn og kvinner ≥ 50 år, med lavenergibrudd. Publisert 2015. legeforeningen.no
  43. Tanvetyanon T, Stiff PJ. Management of the adverse effects associated with intravenous bisphosphonates. Ann Oncol. 2006 Jun;17(6):897-907. PMID: 16547070 PubMed
  44. Brown JP, Roux C, Ho PR, et al. Denosumab significantly increases bone mineral density and reduces bone turnover compared with monthly oral ibandronate and risedronate in postmenopausal women who remained at higher risk for fracture despite previous suboptimal treatment with an oral bisphosphonate.. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Mar 28. pmid:24676847 PubMed
  45. Diédhiou D, Cuny T, Sarr A, et al. Efficacy and safety of denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis: A systematic review. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2015 Dec;76(6):650-7. Epub 2015 Nov 27. pmid: 26639186 PubMed
  46. Eastell R, Rosen CJ, Black DM, et al. Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 104: 1595-622. pmid:30907953 PubMed
  47. Tsai JN, Uihlein AV, Lee H, et al. Teriparatide and denosumab, alone or combined, in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: the DATA study randomised trial. Lancet 2013. doi:doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60856-9 DOI
  48. Kendler DL, Marin F, Zerbini CAF, et al.: Effects of teriparatide and risedronate on new fractures in post-menopausal women with severe osteoporosis (VERO): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018; 391: 230-40. pmid:29129436 PubMed
  49. Saag KG, Zanchetta JR, Devogelaer JP, et al. Effects of teriparatide versus alendronate for treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: thirty-six-month results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60: 3346-55. pmid:19877063 PubMed
  50. Händel MN, Cardoso I, von Bülov C, et al. Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 2023; 381: e068033. pmid:37130601 PubMed
  51. Cramer JA, Gold DT, Silverman SL, Lewiecki EM. A systematic review of persistence and compliance with bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2007 Aug;18(8):1023-31. PMID: 17308956 PubMed
  52. Finnes TE, Fink Eriksen E, Pretorius M, et al. Glukokortikoid-indusert osteoporose. Norsk endokrinologis forenings veileder i endokrinologi. Sist oppdatert 15.07.2022. metodebok.no
  53. Newman M, Minns Lowe C, Barker K. Spinal Orthoses for Vertebral Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015. pmid:26615791 PubMed
  54. Hagen G, Wisløff T, Falch J, et al. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of alendronate for the prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women in Norway. Rapport fra kunnskapssenteret nr 10 - 2011.
  55. Allen CS, Yeung JH, Vandermeer B, et al. Bisphosphonates for steroid-induced osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 5;10:CD001347. pmid: 27706804 PubMed
  56. Zhao J-G, Zeng X-T, Wang J, et al. Association Between Calcium or Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2017; 318: 2466-82. pmid:29279934 PubMed
  57. Burt LA, Billington EO, Rose MS, et al. Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Volumetric Bone Density and Bone Strength: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Aug 27;322(8):736-745. PMID: 31454046 PubMed
  58. Grant AM, Avenell A, Campbell MK, et al. Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 365: 1621-8. PubMed
  59. Porthouse J, Cockayne S, King C, et al. Randomised controlled trial of supplementation with calcium and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for prevention of fractures in primary care. BMJ 2005; 330: 1003-6. British Medical Journal
  60. Gourlay ML, Fine JP, Preisser JS, et al. Bone-density testing interval and transition to osteoporosis in older women. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 225-33. New England Journal of Medicine
  61. Chen P, Krege JH, Adachi JD, et al. Vertebral fracture status and the World Health Organization risk factors for predicting osteoporotic fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24: 495-502. pmid:19016585 PubMed
  62. Beaupre LA, Morrish DW, Hanley DA, et al. Oral bisphosphonates are associated with reduced mortality after hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22: 983-91. pmid:21052642 PubMed
  63. Briot K, Roux C. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. RMD Open. 2015 Apr 8;1(1):e000014. PMID: 26509049 PubMed
  64. Hinton PS, Nigh P, Thyfault J. Effectiveness of resistance training or jumping-exercise to increase bone mineral density in men with low bone mass: a 12-month randomized, clinical trial. Bone 2015;79:203-212. PMID: 19421702 PubMed
  65. Zhang S, Huang X, Zhao X, et al. Effect of exercise on bone mineral density among patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs 2021. pmid:34725872 PubMed
  66. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, et al. Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmo. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(8):669-74. PMID: 11095169 PubMed
Annonse
Annonse